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Romania - Essential
Data
Official Name
ROMANIA
Geographical Location
Romania is located in SE
Central Europe, on the lower Danube and bordering on the Black Sea. The 45o
parallel of North latitude and the 25o East line of longitude is
crossing Romania.
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Extreme point
(locality)
|
County
|
Longitude
east1)
|
Latitude
north
|
| North |
Horodistea
village |
Botosani
|
26042'05"
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48015'06"
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| South |
Zimnicea
town |
Teleorman
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25023'32"
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43037'07"
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| East |
Sulina
town |
Tulcea
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29041'24"
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45009'36"
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| West |
Beba
Veche commune |
Timis
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20015'44"
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46007'27"
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Boundaries
Total
length 3149.9 km; Borders: NE and E on the Republic
of Moldova (681.3 km); N and E on the Ukraine (649.4 km); SE
on the Black Sea (193.5 km); S on Bulgaria (631.3 km); SW on
Yugoslavian Federation (546.4 km); W on Hungary (448.0 km).
Area
238,391 sq. km (11th
in Europe)
Relief
31% of Romania's surface is covered by
mountains, 33% by hills and tablelands, and the rest of 36% by plains. The
mountains - the Carpathians, feature three main groups: Eastern, Southern (the
highest - Moldoveanu Peak, in Fagarasi Mountains: 2.543 m) and Western
Carpathians. The Danube Delta, located north of the Plateau of Dobroudja,
stretches over 4.340 sq.km.
Climate
temperate continental, with slight ocean
influences in the West, Medoiterranean in the South-West and excessively
continental in the North-East.
Official Language
Romanian.
Belonging to the family
of Romance languages, Romanian descends from the
Latin spoken in Dacia and Moesia in ancient times.
Standard Time
GMT + 2 hours. Since last
Sunday in March to last Sunday in October, the Daylight Saving Time applies.
Weights and Measures
The metric system is in force
since 1866.
Currency
1 LEU (plural - LEI) = 100 BANI
(singular - BAN). See here
Exchange rates!
Administrative
Division
County; town; commune, village. There
are: 41 counties
plus the capital,
Bucharest (with a county status); 263 towns (of which 84 municipalities);
2,688 communes (with 13,094 villages).
Capital
Bucharest
- Divided into six
administrative districts and the Ilfov Agricultural Sector. Situated in the
South of the country, in the Romanian Plain, at an altitude of 70-90m, on the
rivers Dambovita and Colentina, the city dates from the 14th
century. Capital of Wallachia in the 17th - 19th
centuries, then of Romania since 1862. Population
- 2,013,911.
Main
Cities
Constanta: 342,394 people; Iasi:
348,489 people; Timisoara: 329,111 people; Cluj-Napoca: 331,476 people; Galati:
338,596 people; Brasov: 314,219 people; Craiova: 314,920 people; Ploiesti:
251,348 people; Braila: 233,756 people.
Ports
On the Black Sea Coast
- Constanta; Mangalia.
On the Danube
- Orsova; Drobeta-Turnu
Severin; Turnu Magurele; Giurgiu; Oltenita; Calarasi; Cernavoda; Braila;
Galati; Tulcea and Sulina.
Airports
Bucharest-Otopeni;
Constanta - Mihail Kogalniceanu; Timisoara; Bucharest-Baneasa; Bacau; Baia
Mare; Caransebes; Cluj-Napoca; Craiova; Deva; Iasi; Oradea; Satu Mare; Târgu
Mures; Tulcea; Suceava; Arad; Sibiu.
Population
Total
number - 22,430,000
(January 1st, 2001), 94.2 inh./sq.km. According to the census returns of
January 7, 1992, Romania's population structure by nationality is: Romanians
89.4%; Hungarians 7.1%; Germans 0.5%; Ukrainians 0.3%;
Jews 0.04%; Others 2.66%. About 8 million Romanians live outside
the country's boundaries. Urban population: 55%. More
details...
Population structure by
nationalities
Religion
Orthodox:
86.8%; Roman-Catholic: 5.0%; Reformed: 3.5%; Greek-Catholic: 1%; Others: 3.7%.
Population structure by
religion
State
Organization
The
Constitution
adopted by the Constituent Assembly on November 1991 proclaims " Romania
is a national, sovereign and independent, unitary and indivisible state".
Form of Government
Republic
President of Romania
The
President of Romania is elected directly by citizens, for maximum two
four-years mandates. The President of Romania nominates a candidate for the
post of Prime Minister and appoints the Government on the basis of the
confidence vote granted by Parliament. Last elections: November 2000. Present
President: Traian Basescu
Parliament
Two Chambers Parliament: the Chamber of
Deputies and the Senate. Elected by universal vote for a
four-years term. Last elections were held in November 2000. President of the
Senate: Nicolae Vacaroiu.
President of the Chamber of Deputies: Bogdan Olteanu
Prime Minister
Prime Minister is appointed by
the President of Romania at the proposal of the Governmental Party. Acting
Prime Minister: Calin
Popescu-Tariceanu
National Flag
Three equal vertical stripes,
next to the staff blue, yellow and red.
National Coat-of-Arms
(since 1992)
An
eagle holding a cross in its beak and a sword and a scepter in its claws as
well as the symbols of the historical provinces, Wallachia, Moldavia,
Transylvania, Banat and Dobrudja.
State Anthem (since
1990)
"Awake, Thee,
Romanian",
lyrics Andrei Muresanu, music Anton Pann. (Text and
music...)
National Day (since
1990)
The First of December
(anniversary of the
1918 Union of all Romanians into one single state).
Legal holidays
January 1 and 2; 2nd
Easter Day; May Day; December 1, December 25 and 26
Gross
Domestic Product
Estimates
for 2000: ,
increasing, in real terms, by 1.6% as against previous year. The growth
was significantly determined by higher volume of activity and consequently
higher gross value added from industry (+6.1%), construction (+6.3%) and
services (+3.1%), which, together, represent 79.0% of gross domestic product;
gross value added achieved in agriculture, forestry and fish breeding
registered a fall of 15.8%, mainly due to unfavorable climatic conditions.
Main macroeconomic
indicators in 2000
provisional data
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2000 in %
as against 1999
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Weight of
private sector in total economic activity - %
|
| 1999 |
2000 |
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101.6
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61.5
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… |
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108.2
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31.7 |
… |
- Agricultural production
-total
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85.9
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93.3 |
94.6 |
-vegetable
|
79.6
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91.7 |
92.8 |
-animal
|
96.9 |
96.2 |
97.5 |
-agricultural
services
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109.9 |
62.5 |
62.2 |
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|
105.0 |
57,6 |
63.7 |
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105.4 |
85.5 |
87.3 |
- Foreign trade
-FOB exports of goods
|
121.9 |
65.6 |
65.7 |
-CIF imports of
goods
|
125.6 |
71.9 |
70.1 |
- Retail trade (excepting
motor vehicles and
motorcycles)
|
96.2 |
93.2 |
94.6 |
- Sale of motor vehicles
and fuels for motor
vehicles
|
105.8 |
58.2 |
61.4 |
- Commercial services
rendered to the
population
|
92.4 |
67.6 |
77.6 |
- Consumer price index -
yearly average
|
145.7 |
x |
x |
-food goods (including
beverages)
|
143.7 |
x |
x |
-non-food goods
|
144.0 |
x |
x |
-services
|
153.9 |
x |
x |
Source: National
Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies, Bucharest
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